历年考研英语翻译精解（下）

96年　　翻译题解：　

　71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.　　　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science / being to some extent self-accelerating.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是对比句Some... are... reasonable results of... Others are reasonable consequences of...　　2) particular advances后面有多重定语in science being to some extent self-accelerating.　　第三、词的处理：　　are... results of 是……的结果，来自于　　social needs 社会需求　　to some extent 在一定程度上　　self-accelerating 自我加速　　完整的译文：　　71)在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。
　　

72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是主句+ when引导的时间状语，when = at that time当时，那时。　　2)第一个that从句是主句宾语the conclusion的同位语。　　3)that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定语从句中的主语从句　　4)cannot generally be foreseen in detail是宾语从句的谓语。第三、词的处理：　　trend 趋势　　came to the conclusion 得出结论　　the specific demands 具体要求　　make of 向……提出　　scientific establishment 科研机构　　in detail 详尽　　完整的译文：　　72)这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
　　

73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是系词+过去分词+被动宾语：This seems mostly effectively done by...　　2)research后面是双重定语not related to... but of...由此断定related to意思等于of　　第三、词的处理：　　This (主语代词要译出来)这一问题　　done 解决　　not related to 与……无关　　immediate goals 当前目标　　possible consequence 可能的影响　　完整的译文：　　73)给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。


74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是the world is so... that...　　2) some后面有多重定语of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.第三、词的处理：　　elegant systems (精美的)完美的体系　　in principle 一般而言　　deal with 解决，处理　　aspects 原义是方面，联系上下文译成课题，问题　　完整的译文：　　74)然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
　　

75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new standards of elegance.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)as well as和，以及，连接两个并列主语，must arise作句子谓语　　2)as they have in the past方式状语，as就像是……，同……一样　　3)giving rise to...表示伴随状语。　　第三、词的处理：　　New forms of thought 新的思维方式　　new subjects for thought 新的思维对象　　arise 出现　　giving rise to 给出，产生，带来　　new standards of elegance 完美的新标准　　完整的译文：　　75)同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准


95年　　翻译题解：　　

71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 　　句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, / critics divert attention from the fault / that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 第二、句子主干结构是：简单句加for引导的原因状语。后面的that引导的是定语从句。第三、词的处理　　The target 根据上下文，这里特指标准化测试 divert attention from 原义是把注意力引开，引申为没有注意到lies with在于ill-informed 不甚了解incompetent users(词性转换)使用不当完整的译文：71)把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
　　

72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted　　句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance / depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom / with which it is interpreted　　第二、句子主干结构是：　　1)How well...引导的被动结构是主语从句，How well是主语从句中的状语前置，depends是句子谓语2)depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语upon...and on... 3) the information used是名词+定语4)with which it is interpreted定语从句，先行词是the skill and wisdom，代词it指代the information　　第三、词的处理：　　be validated by 为……所证实　　depends upon 取决于　　reliability 可靠性　　appropriateness 适应性　　interpreted 解释　　完整的译文：　　72)这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
　　

73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation / depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity / and upon such factors as cost and availability.　　第二、句子主干结构是：Whether to use..., or both...引导主语从句depends是句子谓语，upon... and upon...是并列结构的双宾语。　　第三、词的处理：　　Whether to..., or 是……还是……　　both 指代前句的tests, other kinds of information　　in a particular situation 在某一特定情况下　　therefore 因此　　the evidence from experience 经验依据　　concerning 与……有关的　　comparative validity 相对效度　　such factors as... 诸如……等因素　　完整的译文：　　73)因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者兼用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
　　

74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为四段：In general, the tests work most effectively / when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined / and least effectively / when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是一个排比句the tests work most effectively when...and least effectively when...　　2)连词when引导的是状语从句，意思是当……的时候，从句中都是被动结构。　　3) what is to be measured or predicted是第二个从句的主语。　　第三、词的处理：　　In general 一般的说　　work most effectively 最为有效　　be most precisely defined 很精确界定　　measured 测定　　完整的译文：　　74)一般的说，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
　　

75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell...　　2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：... youngster might have been how able　　3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up...　　第三、词的处理：　　they 指示代词，测试　　compensate for 弥补　　gross social inequality 明显的社会不公　　and thus 因此　　tell 说明　　underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件差的　　under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下　　完整的译文：　　75)例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。


94年　　翻译题解：　　71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Science moves forward, they say, / not so much through the insights of great men of genius / as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.　　第二、句子主干结构是：not so much through... as because of...与其……倒不如……　　因为not so much... as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同，所以多义介词through的意思应该等于because of因为，由于。　　第三、词的处理：　　the insights of great men of genius是后面带定语的名词短语结构，后置定语的顺序应该在汉语翻译中应该倒过来，即从后往前翻译为：天才伟人的真知灼见。　　more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词more ordinary things，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。　　they say插入语，按照汉语习惯，翻译时放在句首。　　完整的译文：　　71)他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。


　　72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, / was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments / that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.
　　第二、句子主干结构是：　　1)系表结构：the scientific revolution... was largely...　　2) that引导的定语从句，先行词是the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments　　第三、词的处理：　　In short 简而言之　　the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments (词性转换)一系列器具的改进、发明和使用　　expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction 直译：在难以计数的方向扩大了科学的范围　　完整的译文：　　72)新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。


　　73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation / have largely been ignored / by historians and philosophers of science.　　第二、句子主干结构是一个简单的被动语态句：tools and technology...have largely been ignored by ...主语部分有一个themselves反身代词　　as a source of fundamental innovation介词短语做定语　　第三、词的处理：　　Over the years 多年来　　philosophers of science 科学思想家们　　完整的译文：　　73)工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。


　　74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Galileo's greatest glory was / that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens / to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.　第二、句子主干结构是：　　1)系表结构Galileo's greatest glory was that...　　2)不定式短语作定语结构the first person to turn...　　3)动词+宾语从句作目的状语to prove that...　　第三、词的处理：　　turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens (介词on译成动词)把新发明的望远镜对准天空　　rather than 而不是完整的译文：　　74)伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。　


　75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa / often depends on the issue / of which is seen as the driving force.　　第二、句子主干结构是：　　1)表示选择意思的从句Whether the Government ...or ...究竟是……还是……作句子的主语，谓语和宾语是depends on the issue　　2)of which是宾语the issue的定语从句。　　第三、词的处理：　　increase the financing of pure science 增加对纯理论科学的经费投入　　at the expense of technology 减少对技术经费的投入　　the driving force 动力，驱动力量　　完整的译文：　　75)政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。


此文章由琥儿提供，佳禾外语进行整理。　

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